Bons encontros promissores: parcerias e travessias no PesquisarCOM / Promising good encounters: partnerships and crossings in PesquisarCOM / Buenos encuentros prometedores: asociaciones y cruces en PesquisarCOM

O presente artigo nasce a partir do encontro entre a pesquisa de doutorado de uma pesquisadora e um pesquisador cujo interesse centra-se na formação em Psicologia. Assim, a partir desse acontecimento (Tsallis, 2014), trabalhamos o conceito desenvolvido por nós como Bom encontro promissor, inspirado pelo conceito Mal-entendido promissor de Vinciane Despret (Despret, 1999; Moraes 2010) e a definição de Bom encontro de Spinoza (2009). Com isso, pretendemos contribuir com a política de pesquisa do PesquisarCOM proposto por Marcia Moraes (2014; 2010). Os frutos desse entrelaçamento são aqui apresentados para tratar do processo de feitura da tese de doutorado (podendo ser pensando também em relação à produção de outros trabalhos acadêmicos), tendo foco nos efeitos que o cultivo desses bons encontros promovem durante o processo também de escrita. E assim, dada a atenção ao durante, aos caminhos, aos atravessamentos nessa caminhada, apontamos a potência desses Bons encontros promissores tanto no acompanhamento como na sustentação dos nossos trabalhos.

This article arises from the dialogue between the doctoral research of two researchers whose interest focuses on training in Psychology. From this event (Tsallis, 2014), we worked on the concept of Good Promising Meetings, developed by us and inspired by the concept of Promising Misunderstandings by Vinciane Despret (Despret, 1999; Moraes 2010) and the definition of Good Meetings, by Spinoza (2009). We aim to contribute to the research policy of PesquisarCOM, proposed by Marcia Moraes (2014; 2010). The fruits of this interlacing are presented here to deal with the process of writing a doctoral thesis (which may also be related to the production of any other academic work), focusing on the effects that the cultivation of these Good Meetings promote during the writing process as well. And so, given the attention to the process, to the paths, to the crossings in this journey, we point out the strength of these Good Promising Meetings for monitoring and supporting our work.

Este artículo nace de la reunión entre la investigación doctoral de una investigadora y un investigador cuyo interés ronda la formación en psicología. Por lo tanto, a partir de este evento (Tsallis, 2014), trabajamos en el concepto desarrollado por nosotros del "buen encuentro prometedor", inspirado por lo concepto de "malentendido prometedor" de Vinciane Despret (Despret, 1999; Moraes 2010) y la definición de Buen Encuentro de Spinoza (2009). Con eso, tenemos la intención de contribuir con la política de investigación del PesquisaCOM propuesto por Marcia Moraes (2014; 2010). Los frutos de este entrelazamiento son utilizados aquí para tratar el proceso de hacer la disertación doctoral (y también en su relación con la producción de otros trabajos académicos), enfocándose en los efectos que el cultivo de estos buenos encuentros promueve durante el proceso de escritura. Y así, dada la atención al durante, los caminos y los cruces en esta caminata, señalamos el poder de estos prometedores buenos encuentros tanto para acompañar como para sostener nuestro trabajo.

Investigation on the prevalence of COPD in high-risk population in Suzhou and measures against cognitive misunderstanding / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To investigate the prevalence of COPD in high-risk population in Suzhou, and to explore the corresponding measures against cognitive misunderstanding. Methods From January 2017 to January 2020, a total of 4,800 residents from 4 COPD national monitoring points in Suzhou were selected using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method. Questionnaire surveys and lung function tests were conducted. The high-risk groups of COPD and their morbidity and COPD awareness were statistically analyzed. The influencing factors of COPD in Suzhou were analyzed by single factor analysis and multi-factor stepwise logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 4 747 residents were included in the analysis, including 4 249 people with high-risk COPD and 441 confirmed patients. Among them, 75.96% had basic knowledge, 52.15% understood the treatment knowledge, 49.89% understood the self-management, and 61.68% understood the lung rehabilitation training. Multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.557, 95%CI=1.202~2.017), daily smoking (OR=2.062, 95%CI=1.673~2.541), cooking fuel being polluted (OR=1.526,95%CI=1.255~1.900), and occupational dust exposure>1 year (OR=1.474, 95%CI=1.196~1.816) were risk factors for COPD, while kitchen with smoke exhaust equipment (OR=0.601, 95%CI=0.465~0.777) and ethnic minorities (OR=0.642, 95%CI=0.508~0.812) were COPD protective factors (P<0.05). Conclusion The incidence of COPD in high-risk population aged ≥40 years in Suzhou area was higher, and the patients' cognitive level was lower. It is necessary to strengthen science popularization, improve health awareness, and reduce the related risk factors.

Clarify some cognitive problems of standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion based on the characteristics of disciplines / 中国针灸

At present, there is still a underrecognition of the standardization work of acupuncture and moxibustion and the confusion of the basic theory. In order to better advance the next step, it is necessary to review the way and clarify the understanding. Based on the definition, principles and methods of standardization, combined with the practice of standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion, this paper analyzes the relationship between standardization and modernization, standardization and individualization diagnosis and treatment, modern standards and traditional classics, as well as standard development and research, it is proposed to base on the development of disciplines, objectively analyze the different needs at home and abroad, as well as scientific research and clinical practice, and clarify the true purpose of standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion. Standard cannot be simply developed on the base of the individual characteristics of acupuncture, and it is not possible to simply develop acupuncture with standardized concepts and methods. It is necessary to return to acupuncture itself and re-examine acupuncture and moxibustion from a standardized perspective, e.g.in-depth analysis and reflection on which characteristics of acupuncture need to be standardized, how to standardize. It is proposed that the scientific research should be organically combined with the development of standards, and drafting should be in compliance with the rules and the quality of the standard should be improved, so as to truly promote the development of the discipline of acupuncture.

Beyond the Bifurcated Myth: The Medical Migration of Female Korean Nurses to West Germany in the 1970s / 의사학

This study investigates beyond the bifurcated myth of the medical migration of Korean women to Germany in the 1970s, which is known as the “German dispatchment” myth from the Korean perspective and the “development aid” discourse from that of the Germans, by focusing on the newly-released documents from the German Hospital Federation (Deutsche Krankenhausgesellschaft, DKG). The migration was essentially a transfer of labor from a weak to a strong state, and the disparity of state strength characterized the nature of the recruitment mechanism. Both Korea and Germany have romanticized the labor transfer and appropriated the collective experiences of migrants for their own political purposes. In this transnational business, the Korean Overseas Development Corporation (KODCO) and the DKG maintained exclusivity in the labor migration channel and were faithful to their own interests. The DKG, as a representative of the German healthcare industry, was concerned about being criticized for destroying the healthcare system of developing countries by stealing their skilled workforce. They, therefore, tried to influence publicity in Korea and Germany to persuade the people that the recruitment benefited both countries. However, the DKG was aware of the deceitfulness of its “development aid” discourse. The Korean government, which advanced the labor export for the sake of obtaining foreign currency, romanticized it as patriotism and used the term “German dispatchment.” However, the incapacity and corruption of KODCO as an agency from the Korean perspective resulted in criticism regarding its recruitment program. The DKG complained that the selection of incapable personnel coupled with corruption was causing unforeseen financial damage to its member hospitals. Nevertheless, it officially defended its partner for the sake of its own interests, such as avoiding bad publicity and securing the sustainability of the recruitment program. The conflicts regarding nursing tasks and working conditions between Korean nurses and their German colleagues and employers captured in the documents of the DKG trace the origin of the issues in relation to cultural misunderstanding and pervasive racism. The disparity of state strength between the two countries resulted in the subaltern position of Korean female healthcare workers in the global labor market, and they tried to bring forth the best possible outcome while working in a foreign country in unfamiliar circumstances. However, the difficulties with female guest workers from Asia were generally credited to their inability to adhere to the German working style. This study contributes to the existing scholarship on this topic by filling the gaps. Historical research on the medical migration of Korean nurses and nurse-aides to West Germany has relied on limited historical sources. In 2013, the National Archives of Korea transferred official documents regarding these workers that were produced and archived by the DKG, which represented the interests of German healthcare institutions. Its documents on Korean nursing personnel provide supplementary information and display findings in different perspectives. They do not bring forth completely new findings that have never been researched before but are still valuable for delivering concrete evidence on the circumstances of that time, which were previously merely inferred.

Investigation on cognitive misunderstandings in English learning among the students with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) majors in TCM universities / 国际中医中药杂志

To investigate the current condition of cognitive misunderstandings of English learning among students with traditional Chinese medicine majors, in order to put forward strategies for English learning in TCM universities.The investigation was carried out by the method of questionnaires among the students with TCM majors. Another investigation was carried out by interviews with TCM students, English teachers and experts, TCM teachers and experts. Cognitive misunderstandings of English learning among students with TCM majors occurred, such as low participation of English extracurricular learning, wrong learning motivation, weak awareness of self-learning and international exchange and communication. There were 3 ways for solving cognitive misunderstandings, including that students could improve the correct learning attitude and self-learning awareness and practice, that English and TCM teachers and experts could give students some advice of career development and TCM internationalization, and that TCM universities could reinforce English and bilingual teacher team construction, improve educational environment.

O lugar do político na prática vincular / Placing the political subject in the bonding practice / El lugar de lo político en la práctica vincular

Com o passar do tempo, vamos percebendo que algumas teorias que utilizamos não nos permitem abordar o que concerne à subjetividade social e ao sujeito político nas sessões, isto é, um presente sempre surpreendente, que não corresponde a um passado conhecido. Torna-se necessário, então, ampliar nossos corpos teóricos para abordar esses temas que dizem respeito ao ir pertencendo, a nossas interações em diferentes territórios, à ética social e a responsabilizar-se pelos próprios atos, ou seja, reconhecer-se como sujeito político.

Over time, we have come to realize that some of the theories we use prevent us from discussing what is related to social subjectivity and political subject in sessions. In other words, there is always a surprising present, which does not correspond to the past we have already known. Therefore, we need to broaden our theoretical frameworks in order to approach these matters, which concern the process of belonging, our interactions in different areas, the social ethics, and are also related to taking responsibility for our own acts; in short, we have to recognize ourselves as political subjects.

A medida que pasa el tiempo nos damos cuenta que algunas teorías que manejamos no nos permiten abordar lo que concierne a la subjetividad social y al sujeto político en las sesiones. O sea que se trata de un presente siempre sorpresivo que no corresponde a un pasado conocido. Es entonces necesario ampliar nuestros cuerpos teóricos para abordar estos temas que hacen al ir perteneciendo, a diferentes territorios, a la ética social y al hacerse responsable de sus actos, reconocerse como sujeto político.

Several misunderstandings on PBL teaching / 中华医学教育探索杂志

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely used all around the country.But there are still many misconceptions on the understanding of the PBL teaching in the process of teaching practice,which reduces the PBL teaching effect.For example,it is a misunderstanding to put problems to asking for answers to the questions other than solving the problems and to put case-based learning (CBL) and team-based learning (TBL) to PBL.In this paper,we combined the references with the practice experience to compare PBL with CBL,TBL and flipped instruction in both features and connotations based on the brief discussion of the problem in PBL teaching,to further strengthen the understanding of the PBL teaching.It is only the use of clinical cases to guide students to find the defects of the knowledge required for solving the problem and the process of acquiring the scientific knowledge which is implicit in the problem through the students' autonomous learning that can be called as PBL teaching.

Entre o masoquismo e a melancolia: sob o domínio do superego sádico incorporado / Entre el masoquismo y la melancolía: bajo el dominio del superyó sádico incorporado / Between masochism and melancholy: under the rule of the incorporated sadistic superego

O artigo discute de um ponto de vista teórico e clínico as falhas na constituição das funções intersubjetivas e a presença do superego primitivo sádico, tendo como pano de fundo a dimensão traumática da experiência com o objeto primário e o sofrimento narcísico-identitário (Roussillon, 2011). Enfoca a angústia de perda e destruição do objeto por meio de fantasias canibalistas (Fédida, 1999) e a submissão masoquista ao superego primitivo; aponta como o despertar de emoções em relação ao objeto primário gera um ódio intenso e não representado, direcionado à ligação com esse objeto (Bion, 1959); discute a rivalidade em relação ao método analítico (Bion, 1965), bem como a instauração de concordâncias destinadas a evitarem o surgimento de incompreensões malignas e a experiência de caos (Britton, 2003, 2004). Por fim, o artigo ilustra como se dão as tentativas, ainda que limitadas, de o sujeito se emancipar da tirania do superego e destituir o poder de seus aspectos destrutivos.

Through the background of the traumatic experience with the primary object and of the narcissistic disturbances of the sense of identity (Roussillon, 2011), this paper discusses theoretical and clinical aspects of the flaws in the constitution of intersubjective functions and the presence of a primitive and sadistic superego. It focuses on anxiety of loss and destruction of the object through cannibalistic fantasies (Fédida, 1999) and on the masochistic submission to the primitive superego. This paper shows how the awakening of emotions related to the primary object generates intense and non represented hatred of the link with it (Bion,1959). It also discusses the presence of rivalry over the analytical method (Bion, 1965) and the imposition of agreements designed to prevent the emergence of malignant misunderstandings and experiences of chaos (Britton, 2003, 2004). Finally, it illustrates some attempts, albeit limited, at emancipation from the superego’s tyranny and on the deposition of its destructive aspects.

El artículo discute, desde una perspectiva teórica y clínica, las fallas en la constitución de las funciones intersubjetivas y la presencia del superyó primitivo sádico, teniendo como base la dimensión traumática de la experiencia con el objeto primario y los trastornos narcisistas de la identidad (Roussillon, 2011). Enfoca la angustia de la pérdida y destrucción del objeto por intermedio de fantasías caníbales (Fédida,1999) y la sumisión masoquista al superyó primitivo; muestra como el despertar de las emociones en relación al objeto primario genera un odio intenso y no representado, dirigido a la conexión con este objeto (Bion, 1959); discute la rivalidad en relación al método analítico (Bion, 1965), así como la instauración de concordancias destinadas a evitar el surgimiento de incomprensiones malignas y la experiencia del caos (Britton, 2003; 2004). Finalmente, el artículo muestra cómo ocurren los intentos, aunque limitados, del sujeto emanciparse de la tiranía del superyó y destituir el poder de sus aspectos destructivos.

Método "a escuta da escuta" / Método "la escucha de la escucha" / "Listening to listening" method

Com frequência, o material clínico é escutado a partir de um único pressuposto básico. Em nossos grupos, procuramos não apenas escutar o apresentador e reconhecer os pressupostos básicos com que escuta seu paciente, mas também reconhecer os nossos pressupostos básicos, aqueles com os quais escutamos tal apresentação. Usamos a função de "escuta da escuta", originalmente proposta (Faimberg, 1981) para a escuta da sessão. Exploramos o impacto produzido pelos pressupostos básicos de cada participante (incluindo os do apresentador), sobre a discussão em si. Escutamos o hiato entre o que o participante acreditava dizer e como foi efetivamente escutado. Faz-se, assim, possível explorar fontes de mal-entendido, bem como pressupostos básicos de cada um de nós. Cocriar uma linguagem em comum aponta para o entendimento mútuo na discussão, respeitando a alteridade de cada um. O projeto não consiste, portanto, em propor que, como analistas, trabalhemos de maneira similar.

Con frecuencia el material clínico es escuchado desde un único supuesto básico. En nuestros grupos procuramos no solamente escuchar al presentador y reconocer los supuestos básicos con los que escucha a su paciente, sino también reconocer nuestros propios supuestos básicos con los que escuchamos la presentación. Usamos la función de 'la escucha de la escucha' que originalmente había propuesto (H, Faimberg 1981) para la escucha en la sesión. Exploramos el impacto que producen los supuestos básicos de cada participante (incluyendo los del presentador) sobre esta misma discusión. Escuchamos el hiato entre lo que el participante creía decir y cómo fue efectivamente escuchado. Resulta así posible explorar las fuentes de malentendido y explorar los supuestos básicos de cada uno de nosotros. Co-crear un lenguaje en común significa entendernos en la discusión, respetando a nuestra alteridad. El proyecto no consiste, en consecuencia, en proponer que, como analistas, trabajemos en forma similar.

Quite often clinical material is heard from one chosen implicit basic assumption. It is part of our goals to train ourselves in listening not only to recognise the presenter's clinical assumptions with which he listens to his patient, but to recognise our assumptions as well. We use the function of "listening to listening", which H. Faimberg (1981) had initially limited to the psychoanalytical listening in the session. We explore the impact that the theoretical assumptions of each participant (including the presenter) have on the discussion itself. From the gap existing between what the participant thought he was saying and how he was heard we begin to co-create a common language to understand each other in our otherness (and not as a project of working as analysts in a similar way). The sources of misunderstanding may appear and by doing so we begin to recognise the basic assumptions of each participant.

The Attitudes of the Inhabitants of Kwangju towards the Persons with Mental Illness / 신경정신의학

OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the attitudes of laypersons towards the mentally ill. METHODS: From the end of January to the beginning of February of 1999, the 709 subjects who lived in Kwangju were surveyed with a questionnaire regarding their attitude towards mental illness. RESULTS: 1) On the question requiring the subjective definitions of a person with mental illness, the subjects described a person with mental illness is a pitiful and weak person who became mentally ill due to severe stress, mental shock, or hurts in mind. And they responded on psychological and social factors more than biological or genetic ones to the question asking the causes of mental illness. 2) Positive attitudes were shown in 76.4% of the subjects on the question of awareness and attitudes towards the mentally ill, while about the possibility of their marriage and living together in the community, quite negative attitude was shown. In addition, even though the subjects considered that mental illness could be cured, they had quite negative thoughts on the treatment effects in psychiatric hospitals, especially, the attitude towards the psychiatric hospitals was very negative. On the examination by groups, the group of subjects who had never experienced mental illness replied more negatively in almost all items than the group of subjects who had direct experiences. 3) Compared with previous studies, it appeared that the overall awareness of the mentally ill was changed in a quite positive direction than the 1970s'. CONCLUSION: Even though the attitude towards the mentally ill has changed in a positive direction, many people still have negative attitudes if it is related to and affect their lives directly. To change the attitudes and to reduce the prejudice and misunderstanding against the mentally ill, it may be helpful to let people make direct contact with the mentally ill, as well as to make efforts with systematic public education or with the media based upon the facts.

Three misunderstandings in talent introduction in the hospital / 中华医院管理杂志

The paper points out that at present the phenomenon of "three emphases and three contempts" is rather prevalent in talent introduction, viz. emphasis on talents from the outside and contempt for talents from the inside, emphasis on individuals and contempt for teams, and emphasis on introduction and contempt for use. Countermeasures for improvement are proposed with regard to the causes of the three misunderstandings and harmful consequences.

Strategies For the Chasing Amelioration of One-sided Benefits Behaviors in Hospitals / 中国医学伦理学

There have emerged gradually serious one-sided benefits chasing behaviour over the past 10 years in many hospitals. In this article we've tried to analyze its scocial roots and disclose its harming effects which lead us to ethical misunderstanding and contradict serving tenets in our clinical practice. We also present these pertinent criteria of medical ethics and search after approaches for keeping away these mistakes repeatedly.

Misunderstanding of Marketing and Marketing Strategies of Licensed Pharmacists Association in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of licensed pharmacists associations in China.METHODS:To analyze the misunderstanding of marketing and marketing strategies of the licensed pharmacists associations in China.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:The licensed pharmacists associations in China should acquire the marketing idea of market guide and society guide,and optimize grouping the product strategies,place strategies,promotion strategies,prize strategies in order to realize the goal of marketing management of the organization.

Misunderstandings to Be Avoided in Licensed Pharmacist Legislation / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the legislation of Licensed Pharmacist Legislation. METHODS:Several misunderstandings appearing during the complementation of licensed pharmacist regulation were analyzed, as well as the reasons for these misunderstandings. RESULTS&CONCLUSION: The misunderstandings in the respect of legislative subjects, licensed posts, licensed treatment, talent market demand and further education should be avoided in the process of Licensed Pharmacist Legislation.